Individual wiki Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual wiki - Essay Example Lexington Books, 2011. Print. The writers uncover the way internet based life, for example, Facebook, Twitter, You Tube, MySpace and others have expanded at a disturbing rate for as long as ten years. These media sources have gotten huge in the current business, learning condition, political battles and advertising ventures. The creators offer a thorough and social investigation in transit internet based life sway the general public, just as, investigate the rising jobs of media. The book inspects the manner in which web-based social networking have affected and simultaneously assumed noteworthy jobs in shifted situations, for example, learning, advertising, lawful and key correspondences (Noor and John 23). Media, Culture, and Technology. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. The Media Now is a book that engages one to think fundamentally in transit media makes an effect on culture, adds to viciousness and standoffish practices, which is in opposition to the predominant standards for social direct (Straubhaar and Robert 421). The book offers a thorough prologue to the current worldwide media ecological effects and proceeding with innovation improvement, culture and fluctuated hypotheses for changing the quickly developing media industry. The creators offer a reasonable comprehension in transit media innovations create, join and effect the general public. The book sets one up for shifted experiences through growing the field of Internet, long range interpersonal communication destinations and customary media enterprises. The writers utilize changed speculations, ideas and specialized information huge for empowering the peruser to comprehend the jobs and media impacts in th e general public. Web 2.0 Technologies. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011. Print. The creator contends that regardless of the ongoing worldwide catastrophe coming about because of the online networking viewpoints, it is noteworthy to release and train rise the executives to check

Capital Punishment in the US

The death penalty in the US Katie Sawtelle The death penalty: Americas Blood Stained Hands In 2015, the most executions occurred in China, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United States of America (Death Penalty 2015). What an eccentricity it is to see the U.S. remembered for the rundown nearby undemocratic countries. America is the main westernized nation that despite everything keeps on putting capital punishment to utilize. The death penalty ought to be nullified for it conveys lacking legitimate portrayal and is oppressive toward racial minorities. It is a principal directly for a litigant in a capital case to be alloted an able legal advisor, yet, as a general rule, court selected open protectors regularly come up short on the abilities and drive for compelling portrayal. A typical quality of those waiting for capital punishment is destitution. It is evaluated that around 90% of prisoners waiting for capital punishment couldn't bear to recruit a sufficient lawyer (American Civil Liberties Union). Without an able legal advisor, a litigants case scarcely has a potential for success. In the spring of 2014, Glenn Ford, an African-American man, was discharged from a Louisiana jail in the wake of going through thirty years waiting for capital punishment for a wrongdoing he didn't submit (Bright). Portage couldn't bear the cost of a lawyer in his capital case, so the court named him two legal counselors for his portrayal. One of the legal advisors was an oil and gas lawyer who had never introduced a case before a jury previously. The subsequent legal counselor was an ongoing graduate school graduate that worked for a protection firm. In spite of the frail body of evidence introduced against Ford, the all white jury condemned him to death (Bright). It isn't equivalent equity when the respondent gets insufficient portrayal in light of the measure of cash the person in question has. Suitably put, those without the capital get the discipline (Von Drehle). Those blamed for capital violations depend on attorneys to ensure their legitimate rights, research, and present proof that will question their blame. It is very hard for a low-salary respondent to explore the lawful equity framework all alone. One significant explanation that guiltless respondents have been put waiting for capital punishment and executed is because of inept or unpracticed court-delegated legal advisors; in outrageous cases, a few lawyers have been discovered sleeping, inebriated, or affected by drugs during preliminary procedures (Bright). Some may contend that in the event that court designated legal counselors were greatly improved, at that point blameworthy individuals could be vindicated. That might be valid, in any case, the more significant issue in regards to more readily court-delegated attorneys is that honest individuals could be cleared. Guiltless individuals that were sentenced and executed could have experienced the remainder of their lives on the off c hance that they had gotten better court-delegated legitimate protection. In certain states, individuals condemned to death may get legitimate portrayal from (free assistance for people in general) legal counselors or from open associations. More often than not, there isn't sufficient free lawyers for the entirety of the poor respondents confronting death row. This might bring about the respondent getting a bumbling court-designated legal advisor. To get another preliminary, a litigant could petition for post-conviction alleviation and express that their protected rights were damaged, in any case, it is normally just feasible for the individuals who can manage the cost of legal counselors. A few states give legal advisors to post-conviction help, despite the fact that most of the country doesn't. Whether or not a respondents protected rights were disregarded at preliminary, they despite everything may need to confront execution. Various individuals are condemned to death not on the grounds that they carried out the most terrible wrongdoing, rather, the cou rts didn't give them able legitimate portrayal. Ruth Bader Ginsburg, a United States Supreme Court Justice has stated, I still can't seem to see a demise case, among the handfuls going to the Supreme Court on night before execution petitions, in which the litigant was all around spoke to at preliminary (Bright). The measure of cash a litigant has in capital cases can be the distinction among life and passing; In present day America, it is smarter to be rich and liable, than poor and honest (Bright). Capital punishment in the prior to the war South (1815-1861) was a device of racial domination. The chance of slave uprisings frequented slave proprietors, in this way, capital punishment was consistently implemented to oppose slave resistance. (Von Drehle). In Virginia, during the before the war time, it was a capital offense for a captive to manage medication, for it could have been poison. Likewise, an old resolution in Georgia expressed that if a slave left a wound on his lord, he could get the death penalty (Von Drehle). The late M. Watt Espy, an analyst that considered the death penalty, recorded around 15,000 executions in the United States dating from 1608 to 1972 (Von Drehle). Espys research and accounts uncover racial uniqueness in U.S. executions. His exploration proposes that in an altogether white America, a bigger number of blacks than whites are executed. Whites were infrequently executed for violations that included African-American casualties (Von Drehle). An investi gation of capital punishment done by the University of Texas suggested that Americas cutting edge the death penalty framework is an outgrowth of the bigot heritage of servitude (qtd. in American Civil Liberties Union). Racial predisposition is still especially alive in the advanced equity arrangement of America It is undeniably almost certain for racial minorities (African-American and Latinos) to be put waiting for capital punishment and be executed than white individuals especially if the casualty is white. An ongoing Louisiana study led by Glenn Pierce (investigate researcher at Northeastern University) and Michael Radelet (Professor of Sociology at University of Colorado-Boulder) showed that respondents with white casualties were 97% bound to get capital punishments than litigants with dark casualties (qtd. in American Civil Liberties Union). In the United States, blacks and whites are murder casualties in almost precise numbers, which is astoundingly high thinking about that 13% of the populace is African-American. Between the years 1930 and 1996, around 4,200 detainees were executed in America; the greater part of those detainees were dark (American Civil Liberties Union). Americas death row has consistently had an enormous populace of African Americans and they are regularly slaughte red for what are considered not exactly capital offenses for whites, for example, assault and robbery (American Civil Liberties Union). It has been affirmed that racial separation and capital punishment are a piece of Americas past, all things considered, since the restoration of capital punishment during the 1970s, around half of those waiting for capital punishment at some random time have been minorities. Florida Latinos are starting to move away from capital punishment. The province of Florida has probably the most reduced bar for condemning somebody to death by not requiring a consistent jury proposal, and they lead the country in death row detainees being discharged because of unfair feelings (Cartagena). Thus, Floridas capital punishment has been struck down as unlawful twice in 2016. Four Florida provinces Miami-Dade, Hillsborough, Pinellas and Duval are among 16 districts across the country that have each had at least five capital punishments somewhere in the range of 2010 and 2015 (Cartagena). These provinces have been found to experience the ill effects of investigator offense, terrible resistance legal counselors, unfair feelings and racial inclination (Cartagena). From 2010-2015, each detainee in Miami-Dade County who was condemned to death, was dark or Latino. However, considers contend that in many areas across America, minorities are answerable for not exactly 50% of mans laughters (Too Broken to Fix). The countries biggest death row limit lives in Los Angeles County, California and analysts anticipate proceeded with development. In 2013, reports uncovered that Los Angeles County was liable for more death row detainees than some other area in the United States, and it has positioned as one of the two most productive districts in forcing new capital punishments every year since (Too Broken To Fix). Between the years 2010 and 2015, Los Angeles County forced 31 capital punishments, which indicates be the most death penalties upheld in any U.S. region during that period (Too Broken To Fix). Those 31 capital punishments in L.A. show serious racial divergence in their sentences: around 94% of the 31 capital punishments implemented were coordinated toward minority (Latino and African-American) litigants and despite the fact that African Americans submit less than 33% of all Los Angeles County crimes, they contained 42% of those sentenced to death in this period. 45% of the new capital pun ishments were forced on Latino litigants (Too Broken to Fix). Just two white litigants got capital punishment. Obviously, a recent report led in Southern California inferred that white legal hearers are increasingly likely to dispense the death penalty when the litigant is Latino and poor than in situations where the respondent is white. Latino members of the jury introduced no such inclination (Too Broken to Fix). The measure of racial minorities condemned and executed waiting for capital punishment keeps on proposing that death penalty and racial segregation are for sure still a piece of advanced America. Since the Supreme Court restoration of capital punishment in the mid-1970s, juries in Texas need to decide whether the respondent represents a future hazard to the general population, before applying capital punishment. Most states have the members of the jury consider past conduct and wrongdoings of the litigant, in any case, in Texas, juries are approached to foresee the future (Vansickle). Generally, these attendants are approached to foresee the unusual. The individuals who are ace capital punishment may contend that specialists can decide future savagery, in any case, on the off chance that juries and specialists could decide future threat, at that point there would not be any wrongdoing. At present, in the province of Texas, there are around 240 people waiting for capital punishment that have been resolved to represent a danger to society. The topic of future hazardousness has not reduc

Creation Science Essay -- essays research papers

Creationism is a strict otherworldly hypothesis about the birthplace of the universe. It's anything but a logical hypothesis. In fact, creationism isn't really associated with a specific religion. It just requires a confidence in a Creator. A huge number of Christians and non-Christians accept there is a Creator of the universe and that logical speculations, for example, the hypothesis of advancement don't struggle with faith in a Creator. In any case, fundamentalist Christians, for example, Ronald Reagan and Jerry Falwell, have co-selected the term 'creationism' and it is currently hard to allude to creationism without being comprehended as alluding to fundamentalist Christians who (an) accept the tales in Genesis as precise records of the source of the universe and life on Earth, and (b) accept that Genesis is contrary with the Big Bang hypothesis and the hypothesis of advancement. In this manner, it is usually expected that creationists are Christians who accept that the record of the production of the universe as introduced in Genesis is truly evident in its fundamental cases about Adam and Eve, the six days of creation, and not a moral story. Creation science is a term utilized by certain creationists to demonstrate that they accept that Genesis is a logical record of the birthplace of the universe. Perusing the Bible as though it were a logical book repudiates the Big Bang hypothesis and the hypothesis of development. "Creation scientists" state those hypotheses are bogus and that researchers who promoter such speculations are oblivious of reality with regards to the causes of the universe and life on Earth. One of the primary chiefs of creation science is Duane T. Gish of the Institute for Creation Research, who advances his perspectives related to assaults on development. Gish is the creator of Evolution, the Challenge of the Fossil Record ( San Diego, Calif.: Creation-Life Publishers, 1985) and Evolution, the Fossils Say No (San Diego, Calif.: Creation-Life Publishers, 1978). Another pioneer of this development is Walt Brown of the Center for Scientific Creationism. Neither Gish nor Brown appear to comprehend the contrast between a reality and a hypothesis. They boisterously broadcast that development is only a hypothesis and that it is bogus. Logical speculations are neither genuine nor bogus. They are clarifications of realities. That species advanced from different species is considered by 99.99% of established researchers to be a logical certainty. How spec... ... act informally, to be obstinate and exploitative. However, the way that one finds an intermittent crackpot throughout the entire existence of science (or an individual of honesty and virtuoso among pseudoscientists) doesn't suggest that there truly is no distinction among science and pseudoscience. In view of people in general and exact nature of logical discussion, the scoundrels will be discovered, mistakes will be remedied and the legitimate quest for the fact of the matter is probably going to win at long last. This won't be the situation with pseudosciences, for example, creation science, where there is no technique required for identifying mistakes (since it can't blunder) much less of amending them. A few speculations, similar to creationism can't be disproved, even on a fundamental level, since everything is reliable with them, even obvious logical inconsistencies and contraries. Logical hypotheses permit positive expectations to be produced using them; they can, on a fundamental level, be invalidated. Speculations, for example, the Big Bang hypothesis and the consistent state hypothesis can be tried by understanding and perception. Magical speculations, for example, creationism are "airtight" on the off chance that they are self-reliable. They contain no self-conflicting components. No logical hypothesis is ever hermetically sealed.

Answer the questions 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer the inquiries 6 - Essay Example A few sentences don't hold fast to the right utilization of expressions, for example, â€Å"beyond a sorry excuse for question â€Å" is a clichã © and ought to be, â€Å"beyond any shadow of doubt.† In this equivalent passage there is abuse of the word indifferent. Following your solicitation for recommendations on the best way to improve client relations, I wish to present a few thoughts. I am of the assessment that we can improve consumer loyalty effectively by rolling out an improvement in our counters. Last December, glass hindrances were introduced in our branch isolating tellers from clients. These boundaries have air vents that permit tellers like to discuss unreservedly with our clients. The executives felt that since these boundaries are impenetrable; they would help in preventing hoodlums from increasing simple access to the tellers’ work spaces. Be that as it may, there were clients who were not satisfied by these glass segments particularly since speaking with them turned out to be very troublesome. This is on the grounds that both the client and teller needed to speak more loudly for them to be heard. It turns out to be significantly all the more burdening when managing older individuals or somebody from another nation. This makes the clients think they are being treated in an unwelcoming way. After some cautious research from different banks, I understood we are the main bank around utilizing such obstructions. The vast majority of different banks are attempting causal stands and open counters to cause their clients to feel at

The Barber

An ace of her specialty, A the Barber has been in the hair stylist field for more than eleven years now and proceeding to do well overall. She stays aware of the most recent procedures and hair drifts as they show up on the style scene. Ayisha is a visionary and picked up her insight and comprehension by doing the Barbering apprenticeship. She took in the ability of barbering by watching and finding out about legitimate hair care. She represents considerable authority in alternate routes, blurs, shape-ups, bigens, structures, Mohawks and solid hair care; all done through extraordinary service.She is continually dealing with her own creative strategies continually pushing the limits of hair. She is prepared in and has developed the cutting methods. Regardless of whether you need a contemporary exemplary cut or an out of control vanguard style, you make certain to be satisfied with the experience you have with Ayisha just as the outcome. In her Christian childhood Ayisha has consistent ly been enlivened to do well throughout everyday life and barbering is one of the numerous fields in which she keeps on helping individuals in any capacity that she can. Ayisha feels that the best commendation she can get is referrals from companions, family and past customers. There's a great deal of rivalry in the field of hair stylists so it's acceptable to ensure every single trim is exact and each shape-up is distinct† Using proficient customary strategies to make the most inventive plans takes a ton of preparing and responsibility and Ayisha gets this, which recognizes her from each other hairdresser in the business. In spite of the fact that Ayisha's barbering aptitudes began from a pastime, she has developed to pay attention to her vocation very. Through numerous long periods of consummating her art, she can create extraordinary styles essentially with a couple of scissors and her ability that will ensure all out fulfillment, unfailingly.

Performance Importance Employees - Free Essay Example

The effects of current staff training practices used by Banks in the UK on their performance. Small businesses in the UK: are they busy to train their employees? Do they consider training as an important element; are they applying sufficient training methods used in the literature? or they are neglecting it as a strategic issue? Reasons for that? 1.0 PROVISIONAL TITLE To assess the impact on training and development on organizational performance and the importance organizations attribute to training. Background Training is the consistent and effective transfer of appropriate behaviour which leads to the achievement of predetermined and specified outcomes (Shipper, 2005). It is a process of learning a sequence of programmed behaviour and an application of knowledge (Hopp, 2004). The term development can be defined as â€Å"the nature and direction of change taking place among personnel through educational and training process. Training is a short term process utilizing systematic and organized procedures by which non-managerial learn technical knowledge and skill for specific purpose (Dijk, 2006). It refers only to instruction in technical and managerial operations while development refers to philosophical and theoretical educational concept. Every organization needs to have well trained people and in order to increase job performance, it is necessary to raise the skill level and increase the versatility and adoptability of employees. In a rapidly changing society, employee training and development is an activity that is desirable as it arms the organization with a knowledge workforce. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedure to guide their behaviour and attempts to improve their performance on the job or prepare them for an intended job (Ear ley, 2004). Development covers not only those activities which improve job performance but also those which bring about growth of the personality. It helps individuals in the progress towards maturity and actualization of their potential capacities so that they become good employees. The objective of training and development is to seek a relatively permanent change in an individual to improve his or her ability to perform on the job (Taylor, 2005). Determining training needs Theorists like (Cummings, 2003) have suggested three fold approaches in determining the training needs. The approach involves organizational analysis, operational analysis and man analysis. Organizational analysis determines the area/ department where training requirements are paramount and extremely essential from the organizational point of view. Operational analysis determines the correct form of training in terms of what an employee must do to perform a task job or assignment in an effective way. Man A nalysis determines what skills, knowledge or attitude an individual employee must develop to perform the tasks which constitute the job in the organization. Training is believed to increase productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. It can help employees increase their level of performance which impacts productivity positively and increases profitability. It also helps new employees to understand the most efficient and effective way of performing the job as better informed workers are less likely to make operational mistakes. Training also has an impact on work quality. Quality, in this instance, may refer to the companys product or service or to the intangible organizational employment atmosphere. Cummings Jones (2003) state that organizations that have a good internal educational programme have to make less drastic man power changes. Even when the need arise for man power changes, they can be staffed from internal sources if a company initiates and maintain an adequate instru ctional programme for the both its non-supervisory staff and managerial employees. Taylor et al., (2005) highlight that an endless chain of positive reaction results from a well planned training programme which impacts on production and product quality. This may also result in the increment of financial incentives. Proper training can also help prevent industrial accidents. Managerial mental state also improves if supervisors know that they can better themselves through company designed development programmes. They also foster the initiatives and creativity of employees and help prevent manpower obsolesce which may be due to age, temperament (or) motivation (or) inability to adapt to technical changes (Early Petersen, 2004). The impact of training Training is an integral part of the whole management programme, with all its many activities functionally inter-related. The need for training is important so that new and changed techniques may be taken advantage of and improvement affected in the old method. Apart from all the other benefits, employees on a personal basis gain individually from their exposure to educational experiences as well. Training is important to employees in that it makes employees more effective and productive. It enables them to increase ‘market value earning power and job security and moulds employees attitudes to help them to achieve a better coordination within the company and a greater loyalty to it (Toegel Conger, 2003). It also heightens staff morale and helps reduce dissatisfaction, complaints etc. Further, trained employees are also believed to make a better and economical use of material and equipments which reduces wastage (Shipper et al.,2005). Within the management circles, training is accepted as problem solving device. It enables the management to resolve sources of friction arising from parochialism (Hopp Oyen, 2004). Other management benefits, is that higher standards of quality are achieved. Training objec tives Every training programme should have certain objectives because the design of the programme depends on the objectives. One of the general training objectives is to prepare the employees and the organization as a whole for any change management efforts. The objective should be to be proactive to the changing environment rather than being reactive. Other objectives can be linked to imparting basic knowledge, skills to the new employees, which they need for better performance of a particular job. One of the other purposes of training is also to prepare employees for higher level job and to prepare them to occupy more responsible position. Training can also be provided to develop the senior managers by providing with opportunities for and interchange of experience within and outside with a view to correcting the narrowness of outlook that may arise from over specialization (Hopp Oyen, 2004). It can also be given in times of ‘lows to improve the morale, sense of responsib ilities cooperation among the employees. 3.0AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Purpose of the study: Although training and development is considered crucial to the success of organizations, little attention has been paid to it. The research tries to assess why training and development receives little attention from most organizations. It will also try to determine the role which training and development can play in an organizations success. Aim To assess the effectiveness of the training and development systems and the importance attributed to them. OBJECTIVES To analyze the importance of training and development within the organizational context. To assess the attitude of employees towards training and development functions To demonstrate organizational willingness to train and develop their employees To determine the effectiveness of the training needs assessment system and to assess the effectiveness of the evaluation system To estimate the extent of top line management involvement in the implementation of the training system. To recommend ways to improve implementation of training and development functions within organizations 4.0METHODOLOGY In order to approach the above mentioned research objectives, the study is taking into account both qualitative and quantitative research strategies which is often necessary for ‘triangulation meaning ‘getting a fix from two or more places (Green et al; 2002, pg 45, sited in Cresswell, 2003). Triangulation refers to the use of different data collection methods within one study in order to ensure that the data are telling you what you think they are telling you. (Saunders et al, 2006) The triangulation approach strives to capture a more complete, holistic, and contextual portrayal of the phenomena under study, and is intended to neutralize bias in any one approach applied (Robson; 2002, pg 23) According to Bonoma (cited in Zikmund, 2000; Lewin Johnston, 2002), researchers can pursue high levels of data validity and generalizability by adopting triangulation strategies which provide replication and/or corroboration of findings across methods (i.e. e xperiments, surveys, case studies). It has further been suggested that the integration of both research strategies within a single project opens up enormous opportunities for mutual advantage, since inherent weaknesses of one approach can be overcome only by using other methods (Yin ; 2003, pg 33). The Research Approach is a combination of deductive and inductive approach. Deductive, because the existing concept of training and evaluation and its impact on organizational development is first tested using data and inductive because the data collected is analyzed to give new dimensions to the concept of training evaluation. A case study (Orchid Chemicals Pharmaceuticals) Strategy will be taken as it involves an empirical investigation of training evaluation methods. Quantitative and qualitative research will be applied, both using primary and secondary information that will be gathered and assembled specifically for this study. Qualitative secondary information from a variety o f sources can be gathered like Case Studies, Brochures, Web page , Reference books , Journals , Online journals, Newspaper and Magazine Articles , Taped interviews , Business news channel views , Research Agency (e.g Mintel) databases . Primary data will be collected using employee surveys. For this purpose, a convenience sample of Orchid Chemicals Pharmaceuticals employees will be surveyed. In order to reduce possible biases and ensure data reliability, a more representative sample of the overall employee population will be taken. Also, there will be a high degree of structure to the interviewing to reduce observer error. Focus groups will also be conducted with Orchid Chemicals Pharmaceuticals staff to assess the importance of training and development and the evaluation procedures. There are two objectives of the focus groups/surveys; one general and one specific. The general objective is to obtain an overview of the employees views on key aspects of training and development. The specific objective is to obtain information on training and development approach and results for the specific case cited. The findings can serve two purposes; one comparative and one prescriptive. The comparative objective is to compare and contrast the findings with existing literature. The prescriptive objective is to draw out key elements of training and development as understood by the respondents. Scope Since the study examines the case of OCPL only, the results cannot be generalized. Future research should seek to replicate the study onto other organizations in order to be able to get a broader understanding of the effects of training and development. Also, this study only examines the effects of training and development in terms of its marketplace impact; it does not examine the effects in terms of the financial impact of the programme. The econometrics of training and development doesnt form a part of the research.

6 Essential Elements of a Graphic Design Poster

Creating a graphic design poster can be effective in relaying a specific message to a desired audience. It's a tried-and-true format that's been used consistently for over a century. Related: 18 cool & creative poster ideas To get your message across, you must pay attention to all the elements at your disposal. With the help of these six tips, your graphic design poster will be more fluid, unified and persuasive. Poster typography The typography of a poster refers to the type of font and style utilized. One of the most overlooked but key defining aspects of a poster is the font usage. Whether a font is curly and wavy or rigid and strict can help to relay your message in a way that is not glaringly noticeable. While it may be tempting to pick multiple creative fonts to relay your message, it's also vital to consider how it relays your message. Ideally, you want to choose two or three fonts total in your design. Fonts used for titles should be a display typeface (either creative or sans serif fonts), while fonts used for text should be serif fonts because they are easily readable by the viewer. These fonts should be different enough to be easily distinguishable from one another, but also able to create a unified design when used in the correct way. For more formal and serious events, a combination of serif and sans serif fonts can be used to create visual diversity and not be too casual. This informational poster is a great example of font utilization. Balanced poster design Creating balance within your poster is essential to creating a unified, cohesive look. When design elements are not in balance, the viewer may feel uncomfortable looking at your design. In general, there are two different ways to create balance: symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric layout In a symmetrically balanced layout, similar design elements are aligned in an equal way on either side of the vertical axis. Often, this results in a mirror-image effect. This layout is perfect for a formal or static look. This could include posters dedicated to formal events, art gallery viewings, and informative gatherings. Below are a few prime examples of symmetrically balanced graphic design posters. Source: Pinterest Source: Debrownsky Design Source: Amazon Asymmetric layout In an asymmetric layout, balance is achieved with an unequal arrangement of elements. Often, with the asymmetric layout, there could be a large object on one side balanced by a small object on the opposite side. In general, these designs are more difficult and complex because the visual weight of each element and its arrangement need to be carefully considered. Asymmetric designs appear more casual than symmetric layouts and create excellent posters for rock concerts, museums and personal services. Below are three excellent examples of asymmetrically balanced graphic design posters. Source: Pinterest Source: Principles of Design Source: Pinterest Color in poster design No matter who your audience is, color is a language that is universally appreciated and can communicate a variety of things. It doesn't matter whether you're using color to demonstrate a specific meaning or just to create a unifying background. Color can have several different meanings and implications based on the specific culture that you are in. The following list under the color wheel defines common associations between colors and their psychological implications in Western culture: Black: Elegant, mysterious, ominous, sober, sophisticated Blue: Calming, honesty, cool, reliable, sad Brown: Earthy, organic, rich, flavorful Green: Natural, growth, financial wealth Orange: Hot, active, tangy, childlike, gregarious Purple: Regal, majestic, creative, futuristic Red: Stimulating, exciting, dangerous, aggressive, sexy White: Pure, innocent, clean Yellow: Sunlight, citrus, imaginative, cheerful, cowardly Aside from specific color meanings, color can also be used as a unifying element. When deciding which colors to use, consider a harmonious color palette. Colors that include a harmonious palette include monochromatic colors, combinations based on complements, analogous color combinations, and color schemes based on triads. Monochromatic colors Limited to tints and shades of a single color or hue. When using a monochromatic color scheme, it is essential to take into account the meaning of colors in a specific culture and how they will reflect your message. Complementary colors These include colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel: red and green, blue and orange, purple and yellow. This type of combination can be intense and should be considered when a brash, surprising effect is desired. However, combining complementary colors that have been muted by changing their value of saturation can result in a harmonious palette. Split complementary colors Split complementary colors occur when hues in a color scheme are equidistant from one another on the color wheel. You choose two complementary colors, but for one of them, you take the two colors on either side instead of the color itself. For example, this could be green, red-orange and red-purple. Split complementary colors tend to be natural for children's books and materials. An example of split complementary colors is shown below. Source: Thadah (TD) Mua Analogous color combinations Analogous color combinations include colors that are right next to each other on the color wheel. A few examples of analogous colors: blue, purple & red yellow, green & blue yellow, orange & red These colors always look good together. If you desire more emphasis on one color, you can consider changing the value or saturation of the colors. Contrast in poster design One of the most important elements of design is contrast. Contrast occurs when you place two elements in opposing ways. This helps draw the eye and create a focal point within your design. There are many creative ways to integrate contrast within your design. The elements you can use to create contrast include shapes, colors, lines, size and negative space. In the image below, you can see how the juxtaposition of distinct colors makes certain elements stand out. Source: SMPS Arizona Chapter Poster design hierarchy In addition to contrast, incorporating hierarchy in your design also creates a focal point. Visual hierarchy is the arrangement or presentation of elements in a way that implies importance. Thus, it provides a direction for your eyes to move (from most important to least important). Here are some ways to include hierarchy in your design: Alignment Color & contrast Leading lines Negative space Perspective Proximity Repetition Rule of odds Rule of thirds Size & scale Spacing Typographic hierarchy Hierarchy is effective as a design principle because the human brain has an innate organizing tendency to place individual elements, shapes or forms into a coherent whole. When an element disconnects from the perceived whole, it stands out to the viewer. The elements that stand out the most are disconnected more severely. Source: AIGA Shapes in poster design Shapes help create a path for the eye to follow as it scans the poster. Shapes can also give emphasis to the most important information in the poster. You can put a large rectangle behind the title or use the triangle of a mountain to point the eye upwards toward the headline. Source: Behance Shapes can also alter the mood of a design. Softer shapes with curves, circles and organic lines can create a more fluid and relaxed mood. Triangles, squares and other geometric shapes with strong, sharp edges can create an entirely different mood. Grids & proximity One essential part in creating a cohesive design is placing a grid. Grids are tools for organizing space, text, images and other elements placed in a design. They add structure and provide graphic designers with three tools to be successful: order, efficiency and consistency. Order Using a grid helps viewers to more easily find information. Grids are a natural extension of this simple order and organization. They help your audience predict where elements and information will be, making it all easier to find and navigate. Efficiency If you're not using a grid, it can be hard to ensure that all items in your poster are aligned and exactly where you want them to be. Using a grid helps to eliminate this pain. The wide variety of vertical and horizontal grids give designers room for endless creativity. Consistency Grids provide the user with a successful path to structural harmony in the design. Grids also offer a guide to the proper placement of information and visual hierarchy. Source: Troy Templeman Design Creativity partnered with these guidelines can lead to amazing ideas that will power your next project. For easy tools, helpful tips and creative ideas, take a look at Lucidpress's poster templates. Feeling inspired? You can design and order your brand new poster right here in Lucidpress.