6 Essential Elements of a Graphic Design Poster

Creating a graphic design poster can be effective in relaying a specific message to a desired audience. It's a tried-and-true format that's been used consistently for over a century. Related: 18 cool & creative poster ideas To get your message across, you must pay attention to all the elements at your disposal. With the help of these six tips, your graphic design poster will be more fluid, unified and persuasive. Poster typography The typography of a poster refers to the type of font and style utilized. One of the most overlooked but key defining aspects of a poster is the font usage. Whether a font is curly and wavy or rigid and strict can help to relay your message in a way that is not glaringly noticeable. While it may be tempting to pick multiple creative fonts to relay your message, it's also vital to consider how it relays your message. Ideally, you want to choose two or three fonts total in your design. Fonts used for titles should be a display typeface (either creative or sans serif fonts), while fonts used for text should be serif fonts because they are easily readable by the viewer. These fonts should be different enough to be easily distinguishable from one another, but also able to create a unified design when used in the correct way. For more formal and serious events, a combination of serif and sans serif fonts can be used to create visual diversity and not be too casual. This informational poster is a great example of font utilization. Balanced poster design Creating balance within your poster is essential to creating a unified, cohesive look. When design elements are not in balance, the viewer may feel uncomfortable looking at your design. In general, there are two different ways to create balance: symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric layout In a symmetrically balanced layout, similar design elements are aligned in an equal way on either side of the vertical axis. Often, this results in a mirror-image effect. This layout is perfect for a formal or static look. This could include posters dedicated to formal events, art gallery viewings, and informative gatherings. Below are a few prime examples of symmetrically balanced graphic design posters. Source: Pinterest Source: Debrownsky Design Source: Amazon Asymmetric layout In an asymmetric layout, balance is achieved with an unequal arrangement of elements. Often, with the asymmetric layout, there could be a large object on one side balanced by a small object on the opposite side. In general, these designs are more difficult and complex because the visual weight of each element and its arrangement need to be carefully considered. Asymmetric designs appear more casual than symmetric layouts and create excellent posters for rock concerts, museums and personal services. Below are three excellent examples of asymmetrically balanced graphic design posters. Source: Pinterest Source: Principles of Design Source: Pinterest Color in poster design No matter who your audience is, color is a language that is universally appreciated and can communicate a variety of things. It doesn't matter whether you're using color to demonstrate a specific meaning or just to create a unifying background. Color can have several different meanings and implications based on the specific culture that you are in. The following list under the color wheel defines common associations between colors and their psychological implications in Western culture: Black: Elegant, mysterious, ominous, sober, sophisticated Blue: Calming, honesty, cool, reliable, sad Brown: Earthy, organic, rich, flavorful Green: Natural, growth, financial wealth Orange: Hot, active, tangy, childlike, gregarious Purple: Regal, majestic, creative, futuristic Red: Stimulating, exciting, dangerous, aggressive, sexy White: Pure, innocent, clean Yellow: Sunlight, citrus, imaginative, cheerful, cowardly Aside from specific color meanings, color can also be used as a unifying element. When deciding which colors to use, consider a harmonious color palette. Colors that include a harmonious palette include monochromatic colors, combinations based on complements, analogous color combinations, and color schemes based on triads. Monochromatic colors Limited to tints and shades of a single color or hue. When using a monochromatic color scheme, it is essential to take into account the meaning of colors in a specific culture and how they will reflect your message. Complementary colors These include colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel: red and green, blue and orange, purple and yellow. This type of combination can be intense and should be considered when a brash, surprising effect is desired. However, combining complementary colors that have been muted by changing their value of saturation can result in a harmonious palette. Split complementary colors Split complementary colors occur when hues in a color scheme are equidistant from one another on the color wheel. You choose two complementary colors, but for one of them, you take the two colors on either side instead of the color itself. For example, this could be green, red-orange and red-purple. Split complementary colors tend to be natural for children's books and materials. An example of split complementary colors is shown below. Source: Thadah (TD) Mua Analogous color combinations Analogous color combinations include colors that are right next to each other on the color wheel. A few examples of analogous colors: blue, purple & red yellow, green & blue yellow, orange & red These colors always look good together. If you desire more emphasis on one color, you can consider changing the value or saturation of the colors. Contrast in poster design One of the most important elements of design is contrast. Contrast occurs when you place two elements in opposing ways. This helps draw the eye and create a focal point within your design. There are many creative ways to integrate contrast within your design. The elements you can use to create contrast include shapes, colors, lines, size and negative space. In the image below, you can see how the juxtaposition of distinct colors makes certain elements stand out. Source: SMPS Arizona Chapter Poster design hierarchy In addition to contrast, incorporating hierarchy in your design also creates a focal point. Visual hierarchy is the arrangement or presentation of elements in a way that implies importance. Thus, it provides a direction for your eyes to move (from most important to least important). Here are some ways to include hierarchy in your design: Alignment Color & contrast Leading lines Negative space Perspective Proximity Repetition Rule of odds Rule of thirds Size & scale Spacing Typographic hierarchy Hierarchy is effective as a design principle because the human brain has an innate organizing tendency to place individual elements, shapes or forms into a coherent whole. When an element disconnects from the perceived whole, it stands out to the viewer. The elements that stand out the most are disconnected more severely. Source: AIGA Shapes in poster design Shapes help create a path for the eye to follow as it scans the poster. Shapes can also give emphasis to the most important information in the poster. You can put a large rectangle behind the title or use the triangle of a mountain to point the eye upwards toward the headline. Source: Behance Shapes can also alter the mood of a design. Softer shapes with curves, circles and organic lines can create a more fluid and relaxed mood. Triangles, squares and other geometric shapes with strong, sharp edges can create an entirely different mood. Grids & proximity One essential part in creating a cohesive design is placing a grid. Grids are tools for organizing space, text, images and other elements placed in a design. They add structure and provide graphic designers with three tools to be successful: order, efficiency and consistency. Order Using a grid helps viewers to more easily find information. Grids are a natural extension of this simple order and organization. They help your audience predict where elements and information will be, making it all easier to find and navigate. Efficiency If you're not using a grid, it can be hard to ensure that all items in your poster are aligned and exactly where you want them to be. Using a grid helps to eliminate this pain. The wide variety of vertical and horizontal grids give designers room for endless creativity. Consistency Grids provide the user with a successful path to structural harmony in the design. Grids also offer a guide to the proper placement of information and visual hierarchy. Source: Troy Templeman Design Creativity partnered with these guidelines can lead to amazing ideas that will power your next project. For easy tools, helpful tips and creative ideas, take a look at Lucidpress's poster templates. Feeling inspired? You can design and order your brand new poster right here in Lucidpress.

The Mind Body Identity Theory - 1668 Words

Introduction: For centuries philosophers have engaged themselves into conversations and arguments trying to figure out the nature of a human person; this has lead to various theories and speculation about the nature of the human mind and body. The question they are tying to answer is whether a human being is made of only the physical, body and brain, or both the physical or the mental, mind. In this paper I will focus on the mind-body Identity Theory to illustrate that it provides a suitable explanation for the mind and body interaction. Identity Theory Identity theorists hold the view that the mental events are nothing more than neurological activity of the brain. This theory is a subtype of the materialist view because the human mind†¦show more content†¦Argument for Identity Theory As the tool of scientific investigation increase, the relationship between the mind and the brain has never been more intimate. Chemical changes in our brain could lead to heightened euphoria or it can lead to the most profound depression. Damages to the brain can lead to changes that can eliminate the some abilities of the brain, such as smell, vision, or even the ability to recognized faces. Therefore, this is at that vary lease a powerful correlation between the state of the mind and state of the brain. But this is not enough for the Identity theories, so they go above and beyond this to explain this profound view. Mind-brain Identity theory is preferable to dualism because it postulates an explanation to the mind-body problem. Dualist believes that ther are two different substances, the physical and the mental. However, dualism does not provide a solution to how these two utterly afferent things can interact with another. That is where Identity theories come in, because they deliver a solution to this issue. They believe that the mind and the brain are one and the same; thus, mental event are the neurological events. Therefore, it does not need have the issue of interaction with its self. This eliminates the interaction problem of the mind and body. This distinction maybe easy to miss, but is vary important to understanding the identity theory. In theShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Personal Identity988 Words   |  4 Pagessame soul theory. By having the same soul, we are the same person. I will support this argument by giving a brief overview of all the theories of personal identity then stat ing the objection of the same soul theory using the same body and same mind theorist. Last but not least, I will then respond accordingly to the objection by stating the connection and unchanging qualities from the same soul theory. There are approximately four theories of personal identity: no self, same soul, same mind and sameRead MoreThe Identity Theory Of Mind1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe development of the Identity Theory of Mind is representative of materialist philosophy’s shift towards questions of human consciousness. Within philosophical and scientific circles, discussions of the mind and body have supplanted discussions of what constitutes the world around us. Staggering technological innovation, alongside the establishment of superior of scientific research methodologies, has given rise to this philosophical trend – Identity Theory is, indeed, the culmination of this trendRead MorePersonal Identity: Philosophical Views1414 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Identity: Philosophical Views Tim V Kolton Alan Watts once said, Trying to define yourself is like trying to bite your own teeth. The task of personal identity is to define a quality of a human which makes him or her a unique self. The person whose identity is in question must realize themselves, and other people must identify this person. In other words, what makes John unique from Bob? One must consider both internal (mind) and external (body) perspectives. ThereRead MoreMental States Of The Mind Body Problem1725 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Mind-body problem Abstract: The mind-body problem is a highly debated topic in philosophy, and has resulted in the creation of many theories attempting to answer it. Applying the mind-body problem to a situation where a patient lacks a normal brain but appears completely normal questions the mental states that the patient has. Looking at the views based on different theories that five doctors express, the things that stand out to me are multiple realizability, Token Identity theory and functionalismRead MorePhilosophy Of Rene Descartes860 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical body, on the other hand, has no awareness. From this stems another critical part of his philosophy which states that the mind and the body are two separate substances. This concept is called dualism. Minds are indestructible and indivisible. Bodies are destructible and divisible (Searle, 2004). Descartes claims that the mind and the body are connected in the sense that the body is an extension of the mind. Moreover, the reduction of consciousness to a bodily state is impossible. The mind, accordingRead MoreEssay about Personal Identity: Philosophical Views1404 Words   |  6 Pages Personal Identity: Philosophical Views Alan Watts once said, quot;Trying to define yourself is like trying to bite your own teeth.quot; The task of personal identity is to define a quality of a human which makes him or her a unique self. The person whose identity is in question must realize themselves, and other people must identify this person. In other words, what makes John unique from Bob? One must consider both internal (mind) and external (body) perspectives. There are severalRead MoreJohn Locke And Personal Identity1224 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Locke states that personal identity is a matter of physiological continuity that is based on the consciousness of a person rather than the individual’s body. Personal identity is constituted by memory connections; specifically the depiction of autobiographical memory connections that result in constituting personal identity. John Locke states that a person’s personality and psychology can be transferred to another body and that individual can still stay the same person because the consciousnessRead MoreJohn Locke And Rene Descartes Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal identity? Have you ever sat around pondering the meaning of life, or maybe just your life? Have you asked yourself any of these questions? What were your answers? These are questions that people have been trying to answer since the beginning of time, before me and you were ever born or thought of. People live their whole lives trying to figure out exactly who they are and what their purpose is in life. In the field of philosophy, many philosophers have had theories on personal identity and aRead MoreMind And Its Relationship With The Mind1366 Words   |  6 PagesMind and Its Relation to the Brain How to define minds has always been a challenge for the â€Å"lovers of wisdom† since the advent of modern philosophy. The mind is arduous to define because it is incorporeal and the only person knowing its existence is its owner. That is; the mind differs from those familiar physical stuffs which can easily be defined in terms of their characteristics. Facing the thorny problem, the debate between dualists and physicalists about the nature of mind and its relationshipRead MorePersonal Statement : Personal Identity1267 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Identity Many ancient philosophers were fascinated with the idea of the personal identity. This is often referred to as the â€Å"self†. The â€Å"self† is considered to be something that is not physical, therefore the search to discover the â€Å"self† is not concrete. With the â€Å"self† being something that has no physical element, many philosophers have different opinions on what the â€Å"self† is and how it functions. â€Å"Someone s personal identity in this sense consists of those features she takes to â€Å"define

The First Piece Of National Gun Control - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1081 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Control Essay Did you like this example? Our society has grown and changed to where we try our best to accommodate new behaviors, perspectives, and ideologies. What we are not accommodating are the gun laws that need to be tightened to insure safety. The ten day waiting period to purchase a firearm should be extended in addition to taking a psychological exam. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The First Piece Of National Gun Control" essay for you Create order On Dec. 15, 1791, ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution † eventually known as the Bill of Rights † were ratified. The second of them said Sarah Gray (US Gun Control Laws History Timeline. A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not infringed(US Constitution). Even though the times have changed, the second amendment has not. Why is that ? Could it be that our government cares more about the revenue that comes from firearms than our society, and the safety of our children. Is the life of the person next to me less than compared to a firearm? In order to keep the second amendment in practice while keeping our people safe , as a nation we need to work together to create stricter gun laws. The first piece of national gun control legislation was passed on June 26, 1934. The National Firearms Act (NFA) † part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelts New Deal for Crime† was meant to curtail gangland crimes of that era such as the St. Valentines Day Massacre Sarah Gray ( US Gun Control Laws History Timeline Laws). Purchasing a firearm is not difficult. To buy a shotgun, or rifle and ammunition you have to be eighteen, as well as having a firearm permit to purchase rifles and shotguns. All other firearms † handguns, for example † can only be sold to people 21 and older Kathleen Schuster ( 8 Facts About Gun Control in the Us).There is no limit to the number of handguns that you may own but you are generally limited to purchasing no more than one handgun in any 30-day period( Frequently Asked Questions).Background checks are required, yet we still have mass shooters with guns even though they had been evaluated to be 5150. If you are a danger to yourself and others you could be 5150 which means you are not qualified to purchase a firearm. Fugitives are restricted from purchasing firearms. The state fee when purchasing a firearm is $25, the DROS fee is $19 which covers the costs of a background check and transfery registry, you have to pay $1 for the Firearm Safety Act Fee and $5 for Safety and Enforcement Act. Gun owners are protected by the Firearm Owners Protection Act that was passed by Congress in 1986 The sale and transfer of ammunition became loosened regulations because of this act( paraphrased 1) (US Gun Control Laws History Timeline). In 2005, the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act was signed by President George W. Bush to prevent gun manufacturers from being named in federal or state civil suits by those who were victims of crimes involving guns made by that company Sarah Gray ( US Gun Control Laws History Timeline), In 2014 the population of the United States was 319 million people; in that time period US civilians and law enforcement owned 371 million firearms. In 2012 non- military gun revenues were accounted by 80% civilians. During 2014 fifty-two percent of handguns comprised all new guns vend to civilians and law enforcement where as in 2000 it was thirty-five percent. Guns are meant for the people that can properly handle a firearm and can meet all the needed requirements. The state of California has the strictest gun laws, yet you are allowed to purchase as many handguns as you wish during specific time periods.You can give your spouse or registered domestic partner a firearm. You can give your adult child a firearm as long as the child is not in a prohibited category. Why does a child need a weapon that is meant to kill? If there were stricter gun laws gun death threats would be reduced significantly . 44% of Americans say they personally know someone who has been shot with a gun, either accidentally or intentionally ( 11 Facts About Guns). 27 people were killed by guns in America on Christmas Day in 2015, which is equal to the total number of people killed in gun homicides in an entire year in Austria, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, Estonia, Bermuda, Hong Kong, and Iceland combined (11 Facts About Gun). More than 36,000 Americans were victims of firearm-related deaths in 2015 ( Do Something Facts About Guns).Guns are rarely used in self defense (paraphrased 2) (Gun Control Pro and Cons). Seven children are killed and twelve more are injured with a gun every day ;meaning 2,555 children die a year by guns and 4,380 children are being injured by guns (paraphrased 3)(Do Something Facts About Guns). As a nation what do we care about more the life of an innocent child or guns. Our government has clearly showed us what is more important. You can not start a car without gasoline. You can have gasoline in a car and not move it. With every cause, it takes a pair to create a reaction. You can have a loaded gun on a table and nothing will happen if no one touches it. Everything is in the hand of the holder. Guns are not always used in protection so they are dangerous. In order to keep people safe stricter waiting periods and an exam to see if you are mentally okay is important. Ian the shooter of the Borderline Shooting was in the process of being 5150 but was cleared, he clearly was not in the right state of mind. However, Chicago has very strict guns laws yet people are killed by guns every single day there, those guns arent legal. Stricter gun laws need to be intact. Why are children that are so young be given a machine that is meant to harm someone? Why would anyone want to have a weapon that is designated to hurt. The Second Amendment protects the US citizens just incase our government goes psycho. When Obama was president gun sales were extremely high because people were in fear there guns were going to be taken away. Now that Trump is in office gun sales have dropped because there is no fear. Instead of threatening to take away guns we should charge more for bullets because not many people have five thousand dollars to spend on bullets. Keeping people safe and healthy is the main concern that needs to be resolved. People that are mentally ill need to be helped properly.

Leadership Styles Leadership Style - 780 Words

Introduction Leadership style is designed according to a pioneer s behaviors, which is enveloped under behaviorist theory. Inside of this class, distinctive examples of leadership behavior are watched and classified as leadership styles. Practicing managers have a tendency to be the most keen on looking into this specific theory in light of the fact that with it leaders can modify their style taking into account the convictions, values, inclinations and society of the association they work for. Leadership can also be conceived as a process where one or more persons influence a group of person to move in a certain direction. The word leadership has been used in various aspects of human endeavor such as politics, business, academics and social works. Messick and Krammer(2004) debated about the degree to which the individual exhibits leadership traits depends not only on his characteristics and personal abilities but also on the characteristics of the situation and environment in which he finds hi mself. Bill Gates was born in 1955, had a love of computers and began programming mainframe computers when he was 13 years old. The text below will consist of an analysis of the leadership style of bill gates according to an existing leadership style theory. Bill Gates Bill Gates developed his own version of the BASIC programming language while attending Harvard University. He started Microsoft as a partnership with his childhood friend Paul Allen. Microsoft became anShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles And Leadership Style1026 Words   |  5 PagesThe fourth subject is the leadership style. As of right now the company is an autocratic style. This means that there is less communication involved. â€Å"In an autocratic leadership style, the person in charge has total authority and control over decision making.† (Leadership Toolbox) The leadership style mainly effects the employees. The reason for this is because with an autocratic leadership, there is less communication. The employees have opinions in the business and they want to share thoseRead MoreLeadership Styles Of Leadership Style1399 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is leadership? Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines leadership as â€Å"the power or ability to lead other people†. Although this is simply put, it is also correct. But leadership is much more than the ability to lead. The ability is one piece of the puzzle. Other pieces to consider in leadership are education, attributes, and style, just to name a few. In this assignment, I will focus on leadership style. Specifically, I will discuss my style according to the assessment developed byRead MoreLeadership Style Of Leadership Styles897 Words   |  4 PagesThe last style of leadership is delegative leadership in which the leader delegates tasks to the employees. This leader is abl e to derive satisfaction from allowing the staff to participate in decision making responsibilities (Brody and Nair, 2014, p. 4). These leadership styles are not set in stone and characteristics may overlap into other leaderships styles. The leadership style that would best suit a rural area is participate leadership style. In rural areas agencies and organizations lack resourceRead MoreLeadership Styles And Leadership Style851 Words   |  4 Pageswant to give critical thought to your unique leadership style and foster genuine followership, learn from what’s out there and weave it into something meaningful and authentic.† (Feiner, 2015) For the last two weeks, I have spent time self-analyzing and soul searching to identify the qualities I bring to a leadership role. Many of the core values important to me also align between the participative leadership style and laissez-faire leadership style. These values include working in a team environmentRead MoreThe Leadershi p Style Of Leadership Styles1994 Words   |  8 Pagesthat leadership is a kind of ability or activity which a leader could straight affect and guide their followers to achieve certain objectives in the specific situation (John Calvin Maxwell,2011). The shifting internal elements and increasing external competitions have posed growing demanding to managers’ leadership approaches. However, managers are provided with various personalities or perspectives, accordingly, managers are not accomplishing their aims by using similar styles. The leadership styleRead MoreLeadership Styles : Leadership Style995 Words   |  4 PagesLeaders are expected to use a leadership style, communication skills, and their knowledge of interpersonal and team dynamics to create an appropriate quality of work life for their followers in the workplace. A leadership style is a combination of a leader’s attitude, expertise, character, and values that is exhibited in the leader’s behavior. Each style of leadership reflects a leader’s beliefs about a follower’s capabilities. A follower’s perception of leadership style really matters to them, as theyRead MoreLeadership Style Of Leadership Styles934 Words   |  4 PagesThere is much that is written about leadership; like books on leadership styles, techniques and also biographies of leaders that have inspired people to action. While this is true, there is the everyday leadership and a slightly different outlook to leadership as well. Here are a few of them. 1. There Are Different Kinds of Leaders Among leaders are formal and informal leaders. Formal leaders are elected to their positions like congressmen, senators and office bearers of clubs. Informal leadersRead MoreLeadership Styles : Leadership Style979 Words   |  4 Pagestheir own leadership style. In her article, Johnson (n.d.) discusses five leadership styles: Laissez-Faire, autocratic, transactional, transformational and participative. Laissez-Faire has a French origin and it means â€Å"a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering† (Oxford dictionaries, 2016). When leaders take total control, such as making all decisions alone and does not ask for the input of the employees, they are using the autocratic leadership style. ThisRead MoreLeadership Style Of Leadership Styles Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesprobably feel as if they know enough about leadership to speak on the subject. In many cases, however, this is not truly the case at all. Leadership is a broad concept , and there are several different styles and approaches to consider when studying the topic. It is important to consider these styles and approaches when evaluating the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of any particular form of leadership. With that in mind, this essay will consider the leadership styles of two leaders who are involved in theRead MoreLeadership Styles Of Leadership Style1088 Words   |  5 PagesConsider what leadership or management style speaks most to you. Discuss that particular style, explain why it fits you better than others. Alternatively, consider the leadership or management style fits you least. Explain what is least desirable with that style from your perspective. What leadership or management style speaks most to me? They are a few leadership styles that I venerate. The Transformational Leadership, the Visionary Leadership, and the Charismatic Leadership styles are the most

The Everlasting Child Wuthering Heights - 1832 Words

The Everlasting Child Wuthering Heights’s Catherine Earnshaw is infamous for her complex character, some arguing that she is manipulative, others sympathizing with the difficult choices she is faced with. However, there is no doubt that she is innately childish. As Catherine grows older, her character is not changed; she remains juvenile and selfish, making everything a game that revolves around her. In a sense, her mindset never progresses past one of a child. As Sigmund Freud wrote in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, â€Å"What makes an infant characteristically different from every other stage of human life is that the child is polymorphously perverse†. Children are dominated by what Freud†¦show more content†¦Catherine s relationship with Nelly, her maid, fully demonstrates her childlike characteristics in that she is selfish, and will do anything to obtain what she wants, in addition to having no perception of othe r people s feelings - as Nelly observes and experiences. Having been a part of each stage of her life, Nelly watches Catherine grow up and sees the relationships she forms and how they develop. Therefore, Nelly is both a part of and a spectator of Catherine’s entire selfish life, in which we can clearly see Catherine’s lack of maturity and selfishly childish behavior. As a child, Catherine has an â€Å"inability to conceive any other viewpoints except her own† (Thromahlen, 5). According to Nelly, she has â€Å"never [been] so happy as when [authoritative figures] were all scolding her at once, and she defying [them] with her bold, saucy look, and her ready words†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Brontà « 43). She continues to harass her father and Nelly for no reason other than for personal pleasure - a selfish, childlike action. Furthermore, as she grows older her egocentric behavior towards everybody does not change. Mimicking a child, Catherine behaves spoiledly and irrationa lly when she is upset, embarrassed, or does not receive what she wants. When Nelly would not leave the room after

The Software Development Life Cycle

Question: What are the necessary technical skills, knowledge, and abilities a team manager should have in a software development project? How are communication skills tied to project success? Answer: Necessary technical skills, knowledge and abilities of a team manager in software development project and influence of communication skills on project success: As the use of IT technique is increasing, the organizations are giving importance on undertaking projects for software implementation. Although the organizations analyze risks associated with software implementation, often these projects fail due to lack of involvement with top management in the project. However Prinzo (2011) stated that often management team set unrealistic expectations for the project. As the software development projects are complex in nature, setting unrealistic goals reduces chances for completing the project successfully. The research conducted by Poole, (2002) also indicates that the chances of project failure increase if members of the project team do not have sufficient information what they have to do. The research conducted by Turk, France Rumpe (2014) also indicates that the chances of project failure also increase if members of the team are not provided with proper requirements clearly stating roles and responsibilities of staffs within team. Analysis on the problems faced during the project also reflects that the project teams also face problems related with timely completion of the tasks. Highsmith (2013) also opined that the approach used by team management used for handling members of project team influences success of the project. James (2009) suggested that the techniques used for software changes are being changed rapidly. As new technologies are being introduced for developing software, developers working in software development project need to have in depth knowledge on these technologies. However the research conducted by Basili et al. (2013) also indicates that lack of soft skills among members of a project team is also considered as one of the influencing factors which impact on successful completion of the project. Analysis on the problems identified in three articles indicates that most of the software development projects fail due to improper application of project management techniques. Although introduction of new technologies is making the software development project more complex, it is also evident that the members of project team also need enhance their soft skills in order to ensure that the project will be completed successfully. Analysis on the issues generated while executing tasks related with software development project indicates that the technologies being used in project management are being innovated regularly. James (2009) stated that the new technologies such as PHP, Java and .Net are being used widely in software development projects. Discussion on the technological knowledge required for developing software indicates that the developers require possessing in depth knowledge on frameworks and libraries associated with these technologies. However James (2009) also opined that use of agile methodology is increasing for managing the projects related with software development. It reflects that the professionals who are involved with software development projects need to have knowledge on agile methodology. From the analysis it is also evident that management and members of the project team needs to have adequate soft skills so that productivity of the teams increasing. Analysis on the articles also indicates that the chances for completing a project successfully can be increased by using XP methods. Use of XP methods enables management of software development project team to complete the entire task in several iterations. However use of XP approach also enables the project team to use onsite customers. The project group using XP techniques needs to be facilitated for making a requirement co-ordination group so that members of the team becomes able to understand their roles and responsibilities in team. The discussion on activities being conducted in project teams for software developed indicates that communication plays an important role for completing the project successfully. However style used by leaders for managing the team also impacts on successful completion of projects. Poole, (2002) suggested if members of a team do not get sufficient opportunities to communicate with leaders, their performance also degrades. Lack of communication with management of project team also indicates that the staffs fail to discuss the issues generated while executing the tasks. As an impact, the leaders also do not get sufficient opportunities for identifying and solving the issues. Analysis on the problems faced while completing a project also indicates that presence of soft skills is important to finish the project successfully. However use of soft skills also enables the project members to communicate with customers also. Communicating with customers increases the chances of completing the p roject successfully. References: Basili, V. R., Heidrich, J., Lindvall, M., Mnch, J., Regardie, M., Rombach, D., ... Trendowicz, A. (2013). Linking software development and business strategy through measurement.arXiv preprint arXiv:1311.6224 Highsmith, J. (2013).Adaptive software development: a collaborative approach to managing complex systems. Addison-Wesley. Poole, C.(2002) Three Week Project Turnaround, Retrieved from https://c2.com/cgi-bin/wiki?ThreeWeekProjectTurnaround [11 June 2015] Prinzo, R. (2011). Project Management: 6 best practices for ensuring software implementation success. CIO Magazine. June 6. Retrieved from https://www.cio.com/article/683570/Project_Management_6_Best_Practices_for_Ensuring_Software_Implementation_Success[11 June 2015] James, J. (2009). 10 skills developers will need in the next five years. TechRepublic. Retrieved from https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10-things/10-skills-developers-will-need-in-the-next-five-years/[11 June 2015] Turk, D., France, R., Rumpe, B. (2014). Assumptions underlying agile software development processes.arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.6610.

Human Resources Health and Occupational Wellbeing

Question: Explain two negative impact of age discrimination on the organisation and two recommendations on how HR managers can avoid this form of discrimination. Answer: If an organization discriminates as per the age of employees, it is rather possible that the organization will lose the broad work experience and understanding of elder workers. Like if the organization fires an elder employee because of age, it might be losing his familiarity, know-how and experience[1]. The same experience which could be applied effectively to assist the business. Due to this ageism aligned with younger workforce, the organization might lose the possibility to mould and retain an important worker for future years. When the staff members come to know of this age discrimination then there will be a negative atmosphere created and this would lead to poor insights about the management of organization. This way, the workforce will probably be less involved in increasing the efficiency of a biased business. Actually, the workforce might get very worried that they could lose their jobs too because of the age or any other kind of discrimination. To avoid age discrimination, there can be useful training sessions which can help in raising staff consciousness regarding the discriminatory exercises[2]. The business managers must support (or necessitate) involvement in these sessions for workers at each level of the organization. The spotlight of the training must exceed just information to embrace actual transforms in performance. Peer reinforcement is another way to be supportive. The business managers must motivate the workers to raise the voice when they come across or observe annoyance. Individual accountability has to be accentuated. References "Age Discrimination At Work And Correlates With Health/Occupational Wellbeing". 2015. The Gerontologist 55 (Suppl_2): 621-621. doi:10.1093/geront/gnv332.02. Bytheway, B. 2012. "Age Discrimination, Work, And Retirement". Public Policy Aging Report 22 (3): 14-16. doi:10.1093/ppar/22.3.14.